Flash – K1 eBikes – Bafang Tuning and Services

Hello e-biker

Would you like to set or tune motor controller parameters? Or update firmware of M500, M510, M560, M600, M620, M820 motors and run Calibration?

* NEW * K1 Flash has been tested also with M630 motor (40A firmware!), BBS HD CAN (M615) , BBS02 CAN (M315)

K1 Flash is compatible with all Bafang CAN bus motors (5 pin connector with “house” shape) and can set at least basic parameters for all CAN Bafang motors, including CAN Hub motors.

‘Simplicity’ was the moto during developing. Do not expect any display or BT connectivity, everything is done automated after Flash power-up and connecting to motor. Status can be identified according colour LED.

Simple as 1, 2 ,3 …

1. Insert included SD card (we recommend a firmware – over 140 firmwares, including M510 FC2.1 , M560 v1.5 (750W, great firmware), M620 with Power Adjustment support, M630 firmware with 1.9kW, M820, M600 rev.B, M500 rev.B

2. Power up K1 Flash (over USB-C cable from your mobile, power bank, charger …)

3. Connect to your CAN motor – wait for steady green LED light – all set, you can unplug device and go for a test ride. 😉

In a minute your motor is flashed and parameters set according config text file on SD card.

No need to get BESST and connecting to computer, finding BESST passwords (which are expiring) or spending time with Python script workarounds. Besst programmer with regular password wont allow to set speed limit over 25 km/h. Also no need to search for bin firmware files on internet. You get our professional support and advice which firmware to use and how to set parameters according your riding preference.

Plug, wait a minute and Ride...

This product description web page is also a K1 Flash User Manual with step by step and video presentations.

Motors M510 FC2.x , M560 and M630 supports all the config parameters ( Speed limit, Wheel size, Circumference, Max power, Acceleration, Assistance level %, Max RPM, Start-Up angle ) – including Assistance level % , which is not supported yet over GO+ app and BT connection.

M510 FC1.0 and M820, BBS HD, BBS02 are supporting Max Power at each Assistance level and Acceleration parameter.

Rest of CAN Bafang motors (including CAN Hub motors) still supports Speed limit, Circumference and Wheel size.

M620 owners – update your M620 750W to 1000W version and adjust max. Power at each PAS level.

Motor parameters can be set in few seconds by connecting K1 Flash to your motor. Motor configuration parameters are stored on included SD card under the file AutoSet.txt. Edit this file with your computer (any text editor – notepad) to change parameter setup. You can find screen shot of this file here. There is also an explanation of all supported parameters.

K1 company can pre-set parameters according your needs (specified during ordering process) and you can continue with fine-tuning.

How to set Motor Parameters

1. Insert SD card with pins facing to USB-C connector

2. Power up K1 Flash over USB-C cable – Green LED will start to blink.

– Run power from mobile phone, power bank, USB charger, USB computer port…

– Be careful, K1 Flash has such a small consumption that some Power banks can turn off in few seconds.

– USB-C to USB-A cable is provided for free if needed. Or you can choose an USB-C cable with display.

3. Unplug CAN connector from your Bafang LCD display/buttons.
And connect to K1 Flash.

After few seconds motor is identified and parameters from SD card are set (the one which your motor supports).

4. Wait for Green LED change to steady – parameters are set successfully. You can disconnect K1 Flash and connect back your LCD display. Check for new speed limit under LCD Info menu.

Useful notes:

K1 Flash will store your current motor settings into the file “CfgLog.txt” on SD card before each overwriting of motor config parameters. So you can still check your original motor parameters or history – parameters readed from motor are added at the end of this file.

When you power up K1 Flash without SD card inserted, you will get also green LED light flashing and after connecting to motor, device will set only Speed limit to 50km/h.

Important: M510 FC2.0 and M560 C2.0 (and also some firmwares for M620) motors are not supporting Throttle Speed Limit. It is hardcoded to 32 km/h or 45 km/h in a firmware. You can change only pedalling speed limit (plus all other settings) with K1 Flash. Anyway not possible to change with BESST either.

If somebody is interested in higher throttle speed – contact us pls.

Bafang has changed logic with M510 FC2.0 and M560 C2.0 controllers and introduced Assistance % (aka Support level ) – power multiplication.

Factory settings for M510 FC2.0 are:

Max power: 50%, 75%, 100%, 100%, 100%

Support level: 140%, 140%, 140%, 230%, 340%

Acceleration 4 (out of 8) on all PASes – current ramp-up speed.

Factory settings for M560 C2.0 are:

Max power: 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%

Support level: 120%, 200%, 260%, 350%, 400%

Acceleration: 3, 4, 4, 5, 6

Colour LED descriptoion (v 1.4)

Green LED blinking – Set Configuration parameters – connect motor over CAN connector

Green LED steady – Configuration parameters set – you can unplug motor

Red LED steady – Force Flash ready – connect to motor over CAN connector and download will start, otherwise there is timeout 20 sec and continue with Set Configuration parameters.

Red LED blinking – firmware is downloading – do not disconnect! Takes up to 50s.

Blue LED steady for 3 seconds – firmware download successful, motor will be restarted and automatically continue with Set Configuration parameters.

Green/Red blinking – Calibration function started – There is 5 seconds and calibration will start.

!!! Chain must be down from chain ring! Otherwise unplug immediately power from K1 Flash to stop.

To update motor firmware you need a specific bin file for your motor type/controller. A compilation of firmware bin files (over 120) is included on SD card. Mainly for M500, M600, M510, M620, M820, M560.

It is quick and simple process. Also non-IT guy can do it. And can be done in a minute.
Just select and copy firmware bin file into /ForceFlash directory on SD card over your computer. Then just connect K1 Flash to your motor for few seconds…

K1 Flash will download firmware only when is compatible with your motor. Otherwise motor rejects this firmware file and K1 Flash continue with Set Motor Parameters procedure.

There is lot of firmwares under motor directories on SD card – filed according motor type and controller revision. You can also use your own firmware bin file from internet.

Note: You can download into motor also different voltage firmware version. So be careful when selecting firmware file. Check tips at the end of this page.

How to update Motor Firmware

1. Copy firmware bin file to \ForceFlash directory on SD card.

Use your computer with SD card reader slot. There is a set of firmwares on SD Card or you can use your own from Internet.

SD card to USB adapter is for free if needed.

2. Insert SD card into K1 device and then power on over USB-C cable – RED LED turns on – firmware ready to download

Run power from mobile phone, power bank, USB charger, USB computer port…
K1 Flash has such a low power consumption that some power banks are shutting of power output – few customers had issues with this.

3. Unplug CAN connector from your Bafang LCD display/buttons.
And connect to K1 Flash.

When motor is compatible with selected firmware, download will start – RED LED is blinking. Takes up to 25 seconds (M620 up to 50 seconds).

Note 1: Do not disconnect CAN connector or power during firmware flashing!

Note 2: If your motor rejects firmware – Firmware update procedure is ending and continue with Set Motor parameters – K1 Flash is going straight to blinking Green LED

4. Once firmware downloaded successfully you get BLUE steady light for 3 seconds, motor will restart and K1 Flash continues with Set Motor Parameters procedure – blinking Green LED

Colour LED descriptoion (v 1.4)

Green LED blinking – Set Configuration parameters – connect motor over CAN connector

Green LED steady – Configuration parameters set – you can unplug motor

Red LED steady – Force Flash ready – connect to motor over CAN connector and download will start, otherwise there is timeout 20 sec and continue with Set Configuration parameters.

Red LED blinking – firmware is downloading – do not disconnect! Takes up to 50s.

Blue LED steady for 3 seconds – firmware download successful, motor will be restarted and automatically continue with Set Configuration parameters.

Green/Red blinking – Calibration function started – There is 5 seconds and calibration will start.

!!! Chain must be down from chain ring! Otherwise unplug immediately power from K1 Flash to stop.

Notes and usefull tips

You can download into motor also different voltage firmware version. So be careful when selecting firmware file.

Example: Check numbers after the letter “C” : MMG522C4814F802010.1-CR X10N.510.FC 2.0.bin –

Red – firmware voltage. Doesnt matter what motor hardware or sticker you have, matter what firmware voltage you select. Bafang controllers are taking any voltage up to 52V nominal.

Blue – max allowed DC current in Amps – how strong is motor

Green – kind of version number

This procedure can be used for a “bricked” motor. For example you lost power during firmware download or you accidentally disconnected CAN bus – motor wont turn on over your LCD/buttons.

M620 CAN – Firmware v1.2 (1000W) is supporting now also power adjustments! So you can set max power at each PAS level.

Firmware v12.3 (750W) is supporting all power adjustments. Including Assistance level % and Acceleration per each assist level.

Firmware v1.1.06 should be with lower hardcoded power (3A, 6A, 12A, 20A, 30A)

M600 rev.B – Firmware v46.2 is supporting also power adjustments. Hence there is quite a long overrun and initial power kick.

M560 – Firmware v1.5 (25A, peak 1250W) from April 2024 seems pretty well – can not see any drawback or bug here. I do not recommend 30A versions.

Old M600 rev.A – Included experimental firmware bin file for old M600 without power limitation at low battery level (actually limitation starting at 10% battery SOC)

– Included experimental firmware for old M600 with lower PAS1 power (150W max) – good for range. Throttle with max power assistance every time – doesn’t matter which PAS you have selected!

– Found a drawback (thanks to Andrzej beta tester 🙂 – there is wrong voltage measuring, but is usable. Showing me 2V less. Can not explain this, could be some voltage measuring calibration.

Rotor Position Calibration is important when you have replaced controller board. It is about timing between rotor position and phase currents.

If you change controller – your motor would seemingly work… But you would not get smooth start run, vibration at low rpms , high currents which turns into high temperature – effectivity is lower.

You should run rotor calibration after new controller was installed, when rotor was replaced or magnet replaced.

Calibration process takes up to 10 seconds.

Important:

– Charge battery at least to 50% and battery must be turned on (batteries with a button)

– Chain must be down from chainwheel!!!

– You can hold crank by hand during calibration to avoid turning and hitting objects around.

– For better calibration put also cranks down.

How to run calibration

1. Uncomment Calibration command in AutoSet.txt file on SD card. Looks like this.

2. Insert SD card into K1 Flash (SD card pins facing USB-C connector)

3. Power up K1 Flash over USB-C – Green LED blinking

4. Connect to your motor over CAN connector – K1 Flash will set parameters and then there is 5 seconds to start Calibration (can be adjusted by number in seconds after the command). Green/Red is flashing.

5. Motor will jump in few steps, rotate and stop in few seconds – Green LED steady – Calibration completed, you can unplug CAN connector from the motor.

2025

BBS HD CAN (M615,625) – K1 Flash motor parameter settings tested. We can not get firmware bin file to test firmware update. If anybody has a firmware and wanna share, we would be grateful. BBR device also works with this motor (including ASLS after initial testing). Connecting over 3 pin triangle and 3 pin round connector.

BBS02 CAN (M315, M325) – Same situation as with HD. No firmware bin files yet available. Tested with few BBS02 for parameter settings. Available also Assistance level % – hard to explain the intention here. This motor (also HD) does not have torque sensor. It is multiplication factor parameter between output motor power and legs input power at motors with torque sensors.

Recent BBS02 was a 750W motor with 24A firmware, limited to 60% – maybe sold as legal nominal 250W. In this case is easy to raise power of your motor. Also max RPM map is not optimal with a rear shifter. Better to go 100% at all PAS levels. Firmware files starting with “CRR309C” are also welcome.

Seems like 25A and 36V will be new standard. Thanks Bosch. 😉

M630 – Firmware update tested. There is first 30A and even 40A firmware so far. Reading and storing all the settings parameters. BBR should work also. There is additional 6 pin connector on this motor.

M620 CAN – There was a good response to firmwares with power adjustments. Some new version 64.2 from 2025 did show up.

M510 FC2.x – some new custom firmware modifications released. We recommend to stay with default bafang firmwares.

There is older 36V firmware with 22A – peak power cca 660W at the chain ring.
New revision of motor and controller is around the corner. FC3.0?

M560 – Some new custom firmware modification. I found them somehow lazy and buggy. Woudl stick with v1.5 though.
52V firmware version. There is third revision of motor with new torque sensor – better pedalling behaviour?

Old M600 rev.B – new 52V firmware, 18A.
Not much news about this motor. Only advantage is less noise comparing to M560.

M820 – these motors comes recently with lower firmware currents. 43V 10A, possible to update to 13A.

List of Firmwares included on Flash SD card:

2024

M620 CAN – Firmware v1.2 (1000W) is supporting now also power adjustments! So you can set max power at each PAS level.
Firmware v12.3 (750W) is supporting all power adjustments. Including Assistance level % and Acceleration per each assist level.

M500 – 18A firmwares compiled with 3 battery capacities for better range estimation. Peak 550W at the chainring.

M600 rev.B – Firmware v46.2 is supporting also power adjustments. Hence there is quite a long overrun and initial power kick.

M560 – Firmware v1.5 (25A, peak 1250W) from April 2024 seems pretty well – can not see any drawback or bug here. I do not recommend 30A versions.

Old M600 rev.A – Included experimental firmware bin file for old M600 without power limitation at low battery level (actually limitation starting at 10% battery SOC)

– Included experimental firmware for old M600 with lower PAS1 power (150W max) – good for range. Throttle with max power assistance every time – doesn’t matter which PAS you have selected!

– Found a drawback (thanks to Andrzej beta tester 🙂 – there is wrong voltage measuring, but is usable. Showing me 2V less. Can not explain this, could be some voltage measuring calibration.

List of firmwares on SD card: